Fundholding has changed referral practice

Has Feminism Changed Physics?

Stuxnet: What Has Changed?

This paper considers the impact of Stuxnet on cyber-attacks and cyber-defense. It first reviews trends in cyber-weapons and how Stuxnet fits into these trends. Because Stuxnet targeted an industrial control system in order to wreak physical damage, the focus is on weapons that target systems of that type and produce physical effects. The paper then examines the impact of Stuxnet on various doma...

General practice fundholding: progress to date.

BACKGROUND The cornerstone of the National Health Service (NHS) reforms was the establishment of an internal market, which separated purchasing and providing roles. As purchasers of care, general practice fundholders were seen as a pivotal part of the 'new patient-led NHS', which was intended to lead to improved cost-containment and cost-effectiveness, quality of care, and patient choice and em...

Referral patterns to renal services: what has changed in the past 4 years?

BACKGROUND Awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been prompted by the publication of several large epidemiological studies since 2002. This has led to various initiatives for the early identification and management of CKD, including the introduction of automated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reporting and renal indicators in the primary care quality and outcomes framework (QOF) since...

Has Scientific Communication Changed in 300 Years?

In a recent editorial I discussed the future of scientific publication. 1 I mentioned Joshua Lederberg’s EUGRAM— the process of sending messages and “publishing” papers via computer terminals. z While Lederberg’s preview of the future may cause some readers “future shock, ” I wondered how much different publication will be in 2001 than it was 300 years ago. Although the technology of producing ...